VIII-EM-Plant Kingdom

 

PLANT KINGDOM

 

TEXTBOOK EXERCISES

I.  Choose the best answer.

1. Solanum trilobatum is the binomial name of Thoothuvalai. The word ‘Solanum’ refers to

a) Species 

b) Genus

c) Class

d) Orders

Ans : b) Genus

2. Floridian starch is a reserve food material of

a) Chloroplyceae 

b) Phaeophyceae

c) Rhodophyceae 

d) Cyanophyceae

Ans : c) Rhodophyceae

3. An example for colonial form of algae is

a) Oscillatoria  b) Nostac

c) Volvox   d) Chlorella

Ans : c) Volvox

4. One of the following is an edible mushroom

a) Polyporus  b) Agaricus

c) Pennicillium  d) Aspergillus

Ans : b) Agaricus

5. Plants that prevent soil erosion are

a) algae

 b) fungi

c) bryophytes

d) pteridophytes

Ans : c) Bryophytes

6. The first land plants are

a) bryophytes

b) pteridophytes

c) gymnosperm

d) angiosperm

Ans :b) pteridophytes

7. The well-developed sporophytic plant body is seen in

a) bryophytes

 b) pteridophytes

c) gymnosperms 

d) angiosperms

Ans : d) Angiosperms

8. Binominal Nomenclature was first 

introduced in the year

a) 1970 b)1975  c) 1978 d) 1623

Ans : d) 1623

9. Penicillin is an antibiotic which is extracted from

a) algae

 b) fungi

c) bryophytes

d) pteridophytes

Ans : b) Fungi

II. Fill in the blanks.

1. The word ‘Taxonomy’ is derived from _________

Ans : Greek

2. Binomial nomenclature  was first introduced by ____________

Ans : Carolus Linnaeus

3. The book 'Genera Plantarum' was published by ____________

Ans : Bentham and Hooker

4. Monocotyledon seed bears only ________ cotyledon.

Ans : One

5. Brown algae belongs to _________class.

Ans : Phaeophyceae

6. Agar Agar is obtained from ________algae.

Ans : Red

7. The reserve food material of fungi are _________ and __________

Ans : Glycogen, oil

8. The first true land plant is ____________

Ans : Pteridophytes

9. Xylem and phloem are absent in________ plants.

Ans : Bryophyte

10. Reticulate venation is present in _______ plants.

Ans : Dicotyledon

III. State true or false.If false,correct the statement.

1. In polypetalae, the petals are free.

Ans : True

2. Binomial name should contain more than two words.

Ans : False. Correct statement: Binomial name should contains not more than two words.

3. Artificial system of classification is based on a few characters of the plant.

Ans : True

4. Cell wall of fungi is made up of chitin.

Ans : True

5. Pinus is a closed seeded plant.

Ans : False. Correct statement : Pinus is a naked seeded plant

6. All bryophytes are hydrophytes.

7. Dicotyledons have well developed characters than the gymnosperms.

Ans : True

8. Mosses are the well developed plant in bryophytes.

Ans : True

9. The dominant phase of the bryophytes is sporophyte.

Ans : False. Correct statement : The dominant phase of the bryophytes is Gametophytic

10. The dominant phase of the pteridophyte is gametophytic phase.

Ans : True

IV. Match the following.

 

Cyanophyceae	Green algae
Chlorophyceae	Blue green algae
Phaeophyceae	Red algae
Rhodophyceae	Brown algae

 

Ans:

Cyanophyceae	Green algae
Chlorophyceae	Blue green algae
Phaeophyceae	Red algae
Rhodophyceae	Brown algae

 

V.Answer very briefly.

1. Define - Thallus.

       The plant bodies of algae are called thallus.

2. What is meant by binomial nomenclature? Give example.

       Scientific method of naming the plants with two words is known as Binomial Nomenclature.

Example: Binomial name of Mango is Mangifera indica

3. Write any two characters of dicotyledons.

a. Seed has two cotyledons

b. Plants have tap root system, leaves with reticulate venation.

4. Seeds of gymnosperm plants are naked. Why?

       Seeds of gymnosperm plants are naked. ie., The ovule is not enclosed by ovary.

5. Write any two economic importance’s of fungi.

       Antibiotics are obtained from fungi. Eg. Penicillin from Penicillin notatum

Fungus like Ashbya gospii and Erymothecium ashbyii are used to produce Vitamin B2 (Riboflavin)

VI. Answer briefly.

1. Write a short note on natural system of classification.

Natural system of classification:

In this system, plants are classified on the basis of several characters.

Bentham and Hooker's classification is an example of Natural System of Classification.

This system of classification is based on morphological and reproductive characters of the seeded plants.

This classification is widely used in many Herbaria and botanical gardens all over the world.

2. Write any three economic importances of algae.

a. Agar Agar :

Agar Agar is extracted from some red algae, namely Gelidium, Gracillaria, etc., which is used to prepare growth medium in laboratories.

b. Iodine :

Iodine is obtained from brown algae like Laminaria (kelp).

c. Algae in space Travel :

Chlorella pyrenoidosa is used in space travel to get rid of

CO2 and decompose human wastes.

3. Write the differences between algae and fungi.

S. No.	ALGAE	FUNGI
1.	Algae are autotrophs.	Fungi are heterotrophs.
2.	It has pigments.	It has no pigments
3.	Reserve food material is starch.	Reserve food materials are glycogen and oil.
4.	Some algae are prokaryotic in nature eg: Cyanobacteria (Nostac, Anabenae)	All are eukaryotic nature. eg: Agaricus

 

4. How many classes are there in bryophytes? What are they?

There are three classes in Bryophytes. They are,

(i) Class I : Hepaticae - ( Liverworts)   Eg : Riccia

(ii) Class II  : Anthocerotae (Hornworts) Eg : Anthoceros

(iii) Class III :Musci ( Mosses)            Eg : Funaria

5. Write any four characters of pteridophytes.

a.Pteridophytes are the first true land plants with xylem and phloem. Hence it is called vascular cryptogams.

b.Pteridophytes also exhibit alternation of generation. The diploid sporophytic phase alternates with the haploid gametophytic phase.

c.The main plant body is sporophytes, which is the dominant phase, differentiated into true root, stem and leaves.

d.Sporophytes reproduce by means of spores. Spores are produced in sporangium

VII. Answer in detail.

1. Draw the outline of Bentham and Hooker's system of classification.

Outline of Bentham and Hooker’s System of Classification:

 

2. Write any five differences between monocot and dicot plants.

Seed has only one cotyledon.	Seed has two cotyledons.
Plants have fibrous root system, leaves with parallel venation.	Plants have tap root system, leaves with reticulate venation.
Flowers are trimerous and not differentiated in to calyx and corolla.	Flowers are tetramerous or pentamerous. Calyx and corolla are well differentiated.
Pollination occurs mostly by wind.	Pollination occurs mostly by insects.
E.g. Grass, Paddy, Banana.	E.g. Bean, Mango, Neem

 

3. Write the differences between gynosperm and angiosperm.

Gymnosperm	Angiosperm
Gymnosperms are naked seeded plant	Angiosperms are the closed seeded plants
The ovule is not enclosed in ovary	Ovule is enclosed in ovary
Gymnosperm have sporophytic and gametophytic cycle	Angiosperm have only gametophytic cycle
They are non flowering plants	They are flowering plants
They do not produce fruits	They produce fruits
Xylem has tracheid	Xylem has vessel, tracheid, xylem parenchyma and xylem fibre.
Phloem has sieve cells	Phloem contains sieve tubes, phloem, Parenchyma, Companion

 

 

4. Write the economic importance of gymnosperms.

Woods of many conifers are used in the paper industries.

e.g. Pinus, Agathis

Conifers are the sources of soft wood for construction, packing and plywood industry e.g. Cedrus, Agathis

Turpentine is an essential oil used for paint preparation extracted from the resin of Pinus. It is also used medicinally to get relief from pain and bronchitis etc.,

Seeds of Pinus gerardiana are edible.

Ephedrine is an alkaloid extracted from Ephedra. It cures asthma and respiratory problems.

Araucaria bidwillii is an ornamental plant.

5. Write the names of medicinal plants and explain their uses.

 

Medicinal plants	Uses
Acalypha indica (Kuppaimeni)	·It belongs to the family Euphorbiaceae. ·The paste obtained fromthe leaves of this plant is used to cure the burns on the skin. · The juice of this plant leaves is mixed with lemon juice to cure ringworm.
Aegle marmelos (Vilvam)	·It belongs to the family Rutaceae. ·The unripe fruit of this tree is used to treat indigestion. ·It is used to cure chronic diarrhoea and dysentery
Solanum trilobatum  (Thoodhuvalai)	·It belongs to the family Solanaceae. ·The leaves and fruits of this plant cure cough and cold. · It is widely used in the treatment of tuberculosis and bronchial asthma.
Phyllanthus amarus (Keezhanelli)	·It belongs to the family Euphorbiaceae. ·The entire plant is used for the treatment of  jaundice. ·It gives additional strength to human liver and it is used to treat other liver disorders.
Aloe vera (SothuKatrazhai)	·It belongs to the family Liliaceae. ·Leaves of this plant is used to cure piles and inflamations on the skin. ·It cures peptic ulcer.

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