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VIII-EM-SS-DEVELOPMENT OF EDUCATION IN INDIA
Development of Education in India
Evaluation
I Choose the correct answer
1. Whose account is the source of information for the Gurukula system followed in Varanasi ?
a) Nikitin b) Hiuen Tsang
c) Domingo Paes d) Bernier
Ans: d) Bernier
2. Which University was established by King Dharmapala in Bengal?
a) Taxila University b) Vikramshila University
c) Banaras University d) Nalanda University
Ans: b) Vikramshila University
3. In whose reign Chinese monk Hiuen Tsang visited Kanchipuram?
a) Chandragupta II
b) Mahendira Pallava
c) Narasimha Pallava I
d) Harsha Vardhana
Ans: c) Narasimha Pallava I
4. When did UNESCO declare Nalanda as a world heritage site?
a)2006 b) 2007 c) 2008 d) 2009
Ans: d) 2009
5. Who was the Governor General to establish the first madrasa in Calcutta?
a) Warren Hastings b) Robert Clive
c) William Bentinck d) Ripon
Ans: a) Warren Hastings
6. Who was the social reformer who started a school for the women of historically marginalized section?
a) Jyotiba Phule
b) Raja Rammohan Roy
c) Keshub Chandra Sen
d) Sir Syed Ahmed Khan
Ans: a) Jyotiba Phule
7. Where did the German missionary Bartholomaus Ziegenbalg start first school in Tamil Nadu?
a) Tranquebar b) Tirunelveli
c) Thanjavur d) Tiruchirappalli
Ans: a) Tranquebar
II Fill in the blanks
1. Daughters as well as sons of priestly and warrior classes had access to education in
__________ India.
Ans: ancient
2. Baptist Mission College was started in 1818 at __________ .
Ans: Serampore
3. Professor Karve started a school for Hindu Widows in __________ .
Ans: Poona
4. __________ College in Delhi was started by the initiative of the All India Women’s Conference.
Ans: Lady Irwin
5. The first Commission on Secondary education was chaired by __________ .
Ans: Dr.Lakshmanaswami mudaliyar
III Match the following
1. University Grants Commission - 1956
2. Kothari Commission - 1964
3. Macaulay - English Education
4. Free and compulsory education - 6-14 years
5. Tata’s Indian Institute of Science -Bengaluru
IV State True or False
1. We have evidence to show that the script of Indus and the script on pottery unearthed in Keeladi is same.
Ans: True
2. Naladiyar was the contribution of Jains
Ans: True
3. The term upa-ni-shad, means “to sit down near one”,
Ans: True
4. Buddha, Mahavira and Gosala revolted against the authority of Vedas.
Ans: False
5. Nalanda was a great Vedic educational centre.
Ans: False
V Consider the following statements and tick (✓) the appropriate answer
1. i) Sanskrit education focused on Vedas, Upanishads, Dharma Sastras and epics
ii) In Varanasi, teachers under the gurukula system taught in their own houses.
iii) Monasteries were built on the models of universities.
iv) Under the Gurukula system the teachers were supported by the endowments of
the kings.
a) i) and ii) are correct b) ii) and iv) are correct
c) iii) and iv) are correct d) i) and iii) are correct
Ans: a) i) and ii) are correct
VI Answer the following in one or two sentences
1. Write about the reference to importance given to education in Purananuru.
He emphasized everyone to learn from the teacher, irrespective of poverty, giving gifts to him.
If a lower class person learns, even an upper class person would bow before him.
2. Highlight the contribution of Jains to Tamil literature.
The contribution of Jains to Tamil literature was immense. Notable among their celebrated works were Thirukkural and Naladiyar.
3. What do you know about Nalanda University?
Nalanda in Bihar was a great Buddhist educational centre that attracted students from places as far as China and Southeast Asia.
These students carried back with them the message of Buddha’s teachings.
4. Point out the essence of Islamic education in medieval India.
Islamic schools (Maktabs) were open to all without restriction. Here pupils in addition to memorizing portions of the Quran also learnt vernacular and Persian.
In addition students were taught Arabic grammar, literature, arithmetic and accounting, logic.
5. What is Gandhiji’s Wardha Scheme of Education?
Gandhiji came up with the Wardha educational scheme aimed at imparting elementary education through some craft along with the basics. It was hoped that children would produce enough to pay the cost of their education.
VII Answer the following in detail
1. Discuss the essential features of learning in Jaina and Buddhist monasteries.
Jaina and Buddhist monasteries educated and trained their monks.
Here students had to remain for a specified period of time to complete their education. Jainas had their religious literature in ArdhaMagadhi and in Pali languages.
In contrast to traditional educational centres of ancient types, Jaina and Buddhist centres provided education in large university-like campuses.
Nalanda in Bihar was a great Buddhist educational centre that attracted students from places as far as China and Southeast Asia. These students carried back with them the message of Buddha’s teachings.
The same was with Vikramshila University that was established in the eighth century AD (CE) by King Dharmapala of Pala dynasty in Bengal. There were monasteries and colleges at Kanchipuram which had gained fame equalling Nalanda.
2. Attempt a brief account of the famous Minute of Macaulay.
William Bentinck on his appointment as Governor General of India appointed Thomas Babington Macaulay to be the chairman of Education Committee to recommend a definite policy on education to be adopted
Macaulay prepared his famous Minute of 1835.
According to this Minute the objective of the government’s educational policy was to be ‘the promotion of European literature and science among the natives of India’.
It was also clearly stated that the medium of language to be used was English.
Bentinck endorsed Macaulay’s Minute and decided that the Education fund henceforth should be spent on English education alone.
3. What were the institutions founded to strengthen Science and Technology by the Indian government in the post- independence context?
The Government of India in the meantime adopted measures to strengthen the science and technology in the country.
Before the end of three plan periods five IITs, 17 national laboratories specialising in different areas of research, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO) and Atomic Energy Commission had been established.
Thereafter
D.P. Chattopadhyay Committee on Teacher Education1983,
National Education Policy Commission, 1986,
Acharya Ramamurthy Review Committee of 1990,
Yashpal Committee 1993,
T.S.R. Subramanian Committee (2015)
had come up with several recommendations.
4. Highlight the important recommendations of Kothari Commission.
Kothari Commission (1964) suggested measures for modernisation of Education system in the country.
Important recommendations of the Kothari Commission are:
10+2+3 pattern of education
Vocationalisation of secondary education
Common school system of public education where students would learn up to 5th standard at schools in neighbourhood in their mother tongue.
Free and compulsory education for children aged 6-14 years.
Union government to invest at least six per cent of its GDP in the education sector.
