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VIII SOCIAL SCIENCE EXPLORING CONTINENTS EVALUATION QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
EXPLORING CONTINENTS
Africa,Australia and Antarctica
EVALUATION
I Choose the correct answer
1. The southernmost tip of Africa
is .
a) Cape Blanca
b) Cape Agulhas
c ) Cape of Good Hope
d) Cape Town
Ans: c ) Cape of Good Hope
2. The man made canal through an isthmus between Egypt and Sinai Peninsula is
a) Panama Canal
b) Aswan Canal
c) Suez Canal
d) Albert Canal
Ans:c) Suez Canal
3. In respect of the Mediterranean climate,consider the following statements and choose the correct answer.
1. The average rainfall is 15cm
2. The summers are hot and dry; winters are rainy.
3. Winters are cool and dry; Summers are hot and wet
4. Citrus fruits are grown
a) 1 is correct
b) 2 and 4 are correct
c) 3 and 4 are correct
d) All are correct
Ans: b) 2 and 4 are correct
4. The range which separates the west and east flowing rivers in Australia is
a) Great Dividing Range
b) Himalayan range
c) Flinders range
d) Mac Donnell range
Ans: a) Great Dividing Range
5. Kalgoorile is famous for mining.
a) Diamond
b) Platinum
c) Silver
d) Gold
Ans: d) Gold
II Fill in the blanks
1. Atlas Mountain is located in ______________________continent.
Ans: African
2. ______________is the highest peak of Africa.
Ans: Mt. Kilimanjaro
3._______________ is the most common tree in Australia.
Ans: Eucalyptus
4. A temperate grass land of Australia is called ___________.
Ans: Downs
5. ___________________is the first Indian research station in Antarctica.
Ans: Dakshi Gangotri
III Match the following
Ans:
IV Let us learn
1. Assertion (A): Aurora is a curtain of colour lights appear in the sky.
Reason (R): They are caused by magnetic storms in the upper atmosphere.
a) Both A and R are individually true and R is the correct explanation for A.
b) Both A and R are individually true but R is not the correct explanation for A
c) A is true but R is false.
d) R is true but A is false
Ans:a) Both A and R are individually true and R is the correct explanation for A.
2. Assertion (A): A geological feature of Africa is the Great Rift Valley.
Reason (R): A Rift valley is a large crack in the earth’s surface formed by tectonic activity.
a) Both A and R is individually true and R is the correct explanation for A.
b) Both A and R are individually true but R is not the correct explanation for A
c) A is true but R is false.
d) R is true but, A is false
Ans: a) Both A and R are individually true and R is the correct explanation for A.
V Answer briefly
1. Why Africa is called a “Mother Continent”?
Africa is called a ‘Mother continent,’ because it was the oldest inhabited continent on Earth. The diverse geographical condition is the main reason for heterogeneous culture and home for ethinic groups in Africa.
2. What are the important rivers of Africa?
The most important rivers of Africa are;
❂ River Nile – father of African rivers.
❂ River Congo or Zaire – the second largest river.
❂ River Niger – Major river.
❂ River Zambezi – fourth largest river and River of life.
3. Name the physical division of Australia.
The Physical divisions of Australia are
❂ The Great Western Plateau
❂ The Central Law lands
❂ The Eastern High lands.
4. Write about the nature of Antarctic continent.
❂ Antarctica is the southernmost and fifth-largest continent in the world.
❂ Since it is located in the polar region, it is the coldest continent with a permanent cover of ice.
❂ Landform consists of some mountain ranges, peaks, valleys, glaciers plateau, ice shelf, lakes and volcanoes.
❂ It is the only continent called white continent
5. Mention any four economic activities of Australia.
Agriculture, forestry, fishing, mining, manufacturing, trade and services are the major economic activities of Australia.
VI Distinguish between
1. Sahel and Sahara
.
.
2. Western Antarctica and Eastern Antarctica
.
3. Great Barrier Reef and Artesian Basin.
.
VII Give reasons
1. Egypt is called the gift of the Nile.
The country Egypt is called the “Gift of the Nile” as it is the lifeline of Egypt. Without the Nile Egypt would have been a desert.
2. Deserts are found in the western margins of continents.
❂Tropical deserts are located between 20° and 30° north and south of the equator on the western margin of the continents.
❂ Therefore, the general direction of the trade winds is from east to west.
❂ These winds shed their moisture on the eastern margins of the continents and by the time they reach the west, they lose their moisture.
❂ So, more deserts are found in the western margins of continents.
3. Antarctica is called the continent of scientists
❂ Scientists of any country are free to conduct experiments and collect data from Antarctica.
❂ Hence, Antarctica is called 'continent of Science'.
VIII Answer in a paragraph
1. Give an account on mineral wealth of Australia.
Mineral Resources Minerals are the largest export item of Australia. It contributes about 10 percent of the country's GDP.
❂ Australia is the world’s leading producer of bauxite, limonite, rutile and zircon.
❂ The second largest producer of gold, lead, lithium, manganese ore and zinc.
❂ The third largest producer of iron ore and uranium.
❂ The fourth largest producer of black coal.
❂ The coal belts of the country stretches from NewCastle to Sydney on the south eastern coast.
❂ Iron ores are found mainly in southern and Western Australia.
❂ Bauxite is mined around the gulf of Carpentaria, perth and Tasmania.
❂ Petroleum and natural gas is obtained from Bass Strait and west of Brisbane. ❂ Uranium is mined in northern territory at Ram jungle and Queensland.
❂ Gold is mined in the western desert at Kalgoorlie and Koolgarlie.
❂ Lead, Zinc, Silver, Manganese, Tungsten, Nickel and copper are also mined in parts of Australia.
2. Describe the flora and fauna of Antarctica
Since the temperature is below freezing point almost throughout the year, no major vegetation is found in this continent.
❂ Simple plants like algae, mosses, liverworts, lichens and microscopic fungi can survive and grow in Antarctica.
❂ Some algae live in the snow, while other plants grow on the coastal rocky land that is ice free.
❂ A few species of plants,such as plankton, algae and mosses are seen in and around Antarctica’s fresh and saltwater lakes.
❂Small red fish called krill are found in large shoals .It is the food for many warm blooded sea animals.
❂The living creatures of this region are include whales, seals, walrus and sea birds like penguins, albatross, polar Skua and Stout.
❂The blue whale is the largest animal which feeds on plankton.
❂ Penguin birds in Antarctica cannot fly.
❂ Small invertebrates are the only land animals which lives in the continent.
3. Name the physical divisions of Africa and explain any one.
Physiographic Divisions Africa consists of mixture of land forms such as mountains, plateaus and plains. The following are the 8 major physical divisions of Africa.
1. Sahara
2. Sahel
3. Savanna
4. The great Rift Valley and the Great Lakes of Africa ‘
5. East Africa Highlands
6. Swahili Coast
7. The Congo Basin or Zaire Basin
8. Southern Africa.
Southern Africa:
❂ Most part of Southern Africa is a plateau region. Drakensberg Mountain is found in the eastern portion of the escarpment.
❂ It extends from north east to south west for 1125 km.
❂ Its highest peak is Thabana Ntlenyana (3482m).
❂ This region is covered with grasslands known as ‘Veld’.
❂ Kalahari Desert lies in the south and Namib Desert is along the south -west shore of Africa.
❂ Kalahari Desert in this region is not actually a desert, but a bushy scrubland situated between the Orange and Zambezi Rivers
