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Class V Science T1U1 Organ Systems Textbook Solutions
1. ORGAN SYSTEMS
I. Choose the correct answer.
1. What is the length of the alimentary canal?
a) 3-5 m b) 5-6 m c) 9-11 m d) 6-9 m
Ans: d) 6-9 m
2. Which organ is involved in respiration?
a) Kidney b) Lungs c) Heart d) Brain
Ans: b) Lungs
3. How many kidneys do we have?
a) 2 b) 3 c) 1 d) 4
Ans: a) 2
4. Functional unit of brain is
a) Neuron b) Nephron c) Brain stem d) Nerves
Ans: a) Neuron
5. Blood is bumped by
a) Lungs b) Heart c) Kidneys d) Bones
Ans: b) Heart
II Fill in the blanks.
1. A group of organs together make up an ______ system.
Ans: organ
2. The process by which the body removes waste is called ___________
Ans: Excretion
3. The number of chambers in human heart is _________
Ans: four.
4. The functional unit of kidney is ________
Ans: nephrons
5. The human nervous system is divided into _________ parts.
Ans: two
III Say True or False.
1. In human respiratory system, length of trachea is 8-10 cm.
Ans: False.
In human respiratory system, length of trachea is 10- 11 cm.
2. The circulatory system is made up of the heart, blood and blood vessels.
Ans: True
3. Important function of the heart is to transport blood with nutrients, oxygen, waste and hormones.
Ans: True
4. The brain is protected by the rib cage.
Ans: False
Heart is protected inside the rib cage.
5. The functional unit of kidney is neuron.
Ans: False
The functional unit of kidney is nephrons.
IV Circle the odd one.
1. a) Mouth b) Buccal cavity c) Pharynx d) Lungs
Ans: d) Lungs
2. a) Nostrils b) Nasal cavity c) Pharynx d) Stomach
Ans: d) Stomach
3. a) Mouth b) Esophagus c) Stomach d) Kidney
Ans: d) Kidney
4. a) Taste b) Hear c) Think d) Smell
Ans: c) Think
5. a) Cerebrum b) Cerebellum c) Medulla Oblongata d) Nephron
Ans: d) Nephron
V Match the following.
VI Answer briefly.
1. Name the salivary glands in our mouth?
Ans:
The three pairs of salivary glands are parotid, sublingual and submandibular.
2. What is respiration?
Ans:
The process of breathing in and breathing out is called respiration.
3. What is the function of pericardial fluid?
Ans:
The pericardial fluid protects the heart from shock.
4. Name the chambers in human heart?
Ans:
The heart is divided into four chambers.
Two upper chambers are called atria or auricles (Singular-atrium).
Two lower thicker chambers are called ventricles.
5. Arrange the excretory system in correct sequence.
(Urinary bladder, Ureter, Kidney, Urethra).
Ans:
Kidney→ Ureter → Urinary bladder→ Urethra
6. What are the two parts of peripheral nervous system?
Ans:
The two parts of peripheral nervous system are
Somatic nervous system
Autonomous nervous system
7. What are the functions of blood?
Ans:
Blood transports nutrients, oxygen, wastes and hormones.
VII Answer in detail.
1. List out the functions of the digestive system.
Ans:
The food we eat consists of complex compounds like carbohydrates, proteins and fats.
They have to be converted into simpler molecules like glucose, amino acids, fatty acids and glycerol respectively.
These simpler molecules are then assimilated either by blood or lymph in order to give us energy.
The process of conversion of complex food molecules into simpler molecules is called digestion.
2. Explain the main parts of the circulatory system.
Ans:
Circulatory system consists of the following:
1. Heart
2. Blood
3. Blood vessels
HEART
The heart is a hollow, muscular organ.
Heart is placed inside the thoracic chamber (rib cage) in between the two lungs.
The heart is divided into four chambers.
Two upper chambers are called atria or auricles (Singular-atrium). Two lower thicker chambers are called ventricles.
The right side of the heart receives deoxygenated blood from various parts of the body and pumps it to the lungs for oxygenation.
The left side of the heart receives oxygenated blood from the lungs and pumps it into different parts of the body.
BLOOD
Blood transports nutrients, oxygen, wastes and hormones.
The volume of blood in human adults is 4-5 litres.
It regulates water level and the body temperature.
BLOOD VESSELS
Blood vessels consist of arteries and veins.
Arteries carry oxygenated blood (except pulmonary arteries which carry deoxygenated blood from the heart)
Veins carry deoxygenated blood.
3. Explain three major parts of human brain.
Ans:
Human brain is divided into three major parts.
Fore Brain (Cerebrum)
MidBrain (Cerebellum)
HindBrain (Medulla Oblongata)
FORE BRAIN (CEREBRUM)
The forebrain consists of cerebrum, thalamus and hypothalamus.
It is the largest part of the brain.
It is the centre of human memory.
It is responsible for intelligence, imagination and reasoning.
MIDBRAIN (CEREBELLUM)
It lies behind the cerebrum.
It coordinates the movements of the muscles of the body.
It helps to maintain the balance of the body.
HINDBRAIN (MEDULLA OBLONGATA)
The hind brain comprises pons and medulla oblongata.
It is also called the brain stem.
It is called ‘Vital knot’ because it controls breathing, heart beat and other involuntary muscles.
It connects the brain to the spinal cord.
4. Label the diagram given below.
Ans:
VIII Questions based on higher order thinking (HOT).
1. Why it is important to wear helmet while riding a bike?
Ans:
One of the most important parts of our body is the brain. Though it is protected by the skull, the strength of the skull can be daunted when it is hit by a superior force.
Wearing a helmet is the only effective way to reduce the risk of head injuries and fatali- ties resulting from motorcycle crashes.
So, wearing a helmet always helps us to stay safe during the bike journey.
2. Eating fast-food and junk food affects our health. Justify.
Ans:
Junk food contain high sodium, which may lead to headaches
Fast foods are filled with empty carbohydrates and trans fats which leads to an increase of blood sugar and LDL cholesterol level.
Fast food is generally poor in nutrition, consuming fast food is not beneficial to our body.
It is proven from various studies that eating junk food on a regular basis will lead to an increased risk of obesity.
