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Class VI SS T1 G1 The Universe and Solar System
GEOGRAPHY
Unit 1
The Universe and Solar System
Exercises
A. Fill in the blanks
1. The Universe was formed after ___________________explosion.
Ans: Big bang
2. ________________ is the unit used to measure the distance between two celestial
Bodies.
Ans: A Light year
3. _________________is the centre of the solar system.
Ans: The Sun
4. The word planet means __________________________.
Ans: Wanderer
5. ______________________planet has many natural satellites.
Ans: Jupiter
6. India’s first ever mission to the moon is ___________________.
Ans: Chandrayan-I
7. Earth is inclined by ___________degrees.
Ans: 23 ½
8. The Equator faces the Sun directly on __________and __________.
Ans: 21st March , 23rd September
9. At the time of Perihelion, the Earth is _________________to the Sun.
Ans: closest
10.The line which divides day and night on the Earth’s surface is _______________.
Ans: terminator line
B. Choose the best answer
1. The movement of the Earth on its axis is called
a. Revolution
b. Seasons
c. Rotation
d. Circulation
Ans: c. Rotation
2. The Tropic of Capricorn faces the Sun directly on
a. March 21
b. June 21
c. September 23
d. December 22
Ans: b. June 21
3. The galaxy in which our solar system is found is
a. Andromeda
b. Magellanic clouds
c. Milky Way
d. Starburst
Ans: c. Milky Way
4. The only celestial body where man has successfully landed
a. Mars
b. Moon
c. Mercury
d. Venus
Ans: b. Moon
5. Which of the following planets can float on water?
a. Jupiter
b. Saturn
c. Uranus
d. Neptune
Ans: b. Saturn
C. Circle the odd one out
1. Venus, Jupiter, Neptune, Saturn
Ans: Venus
2. Sirius, Andromeda, Milky way, Magellanic clouds
Ans: Sirius
3. Pluto, Eris, Ceres, Io
Ans: Io
4. Comet, Asteroids, Meteorites, Dwarf Planets
Ans: Dwarf Planets
5. Rover, Orbiter, Aeroplane, Space shuttle
Ans: Aeroplane
D. Match the following
E. i) Consider the following statements
1. Venus rotates from east to west.
2. The Tropic of Cancer faces the Sun on June 21.
3. Mars has rings around it.
Choose the correct answer using the codes given below.
a. 1 and 2
b. 2 and 3
c. 1, 2 and 3
d. 2 only
Ans: a. 1 and 2
ii) Which of the statement(s) is/are true?
Statement I: Earth is called a watery planet.
Statement II: The rotation of the Earth causes seasons.
a. I is true; II is wrong
b. I is wrong; II is true
c. Both the statements are true
d. Statements I and II are wrong.
Ans: a. I is true; II is wrong
F. Name the following
1. Cluster of stars.
Ans: Galaxy
2. The nearest galaxy to the solar system.
Ans: Canis Major Dwarf Galaxy
3. The brightest planet.
Ans: Venus
4. The living sphere.
Ans: Earth
5. The year which has 366 days.
Ans: Leap year
G. Answer in brief
1. Name the inner planets.
The inner planets are Mercury, Venus, Earth, and Mars.
2. Pluto is no longer a planet. Reason out.
A planet should “clear the neighborhood" of its orbit. As a planet travels, its gravity sweeps and clears the space around it of other objects.
As pluto has not cleared the neighborhood, it is not considered as a planet and it is a dwarf planet.
3. What is perihelion?
Perihelion is the Earth’s closest position to the Sun.
4. How many times in a year would you find the Sun overhead if you lived on 20°N Latitude?
Two times .It would be on 21st March and 23rd September.
5. Which celestial body shares its orbit with others? Give an example.
The dwarf planets share their orbit with other dwarf planets. The five dwarf planets of the solar system are Pluro, Ceres, Eris, Makemake and Haumea.
H. Give reasons
1. Why is Uranus called the somersaulting planet?
Its axis is tilted so much that it appears to orbit the Sun on its slides like a rolling ball.
2. The surface of the moon has many craters.
The Moon's surface has many craters, all of which were formed by the impact of meteors. The International Astronomical Union currently recognizes 9,137 craters on the moon.
3. The velocity of the Earth’s rotation is zero at poles.
The maximum velocity is at the equator and gradually decreases as we move towards the poles. Thus, the speed of the earth's rotation is zero, since it lies along the axis of rotation.
I. Answer in detail
1. Distinguish between inner and outer planets.
2. What are the effects of rotation and revolution?
Rotation:
The spinning movement of the Earth on its axis is called rotation.
The earth rotates from west to east (anti-clockwise) and takes 23 hours, 56 minutes and 4.09 seconds to complete one rotation.
The time taken by the Earth to complete one rotation is called a day.
The rotation of the Earth causes day and night.
The Earth is spherical in shape, only one half of it is illuminated by the Sun at a time. The other half remains dark.
The line which divides the surface of the Earth into a lighted half and a dark half is called the Terminator Line.
Revolution:
It is the movement of the Earth around the Sun on its elliptical path.
The Earth takes 365 ¼ days to complete one revolution.
The inclination of the Earth on its axis and its revolution around the Sun cause different seasons.
3. Explain the characteristics of the various spheres of the Earth.
The Earth is the most suitable planet to support life. It has three major components that we call as the realms of the Earth- lithosphere, hydrosphere and atmosphere.
Lithosphere:
The word lithosphere is derived from the Greek word Lithos, which means rocky. The Lithosphere is the land on which we live. It is the solid outer layer of the Earth consisting of rocks and soil.
Hydrosphere:
The word Hydro means water in Greek. The hydrosphere consists of water bodies such as oceans, seas, rivers, lakes, ice caps on mountains and water vapour in the atmosphere.
Atmosphere:
The word Atmo means air in Greek. Atmosphere is the envelope of air that surrounds the Earth. Different types of gases make up the atmosphere. The major gases are Nitrogen (78%) and Oxygen (21%). The other gases like Carbon dioxide, Hydrogen, Helium, Argon and Ozone are present in meager amounts.
