VIII SS H1 ADVENT OF THE EUROPEANS
HISTORY
ADVENT OF THE EUROPEANS
EVALUATION:
I. Choose the correct answer
1. Who laid the foundation of Portuguese power in India?
a) Vasco da Gama b) Bartholomew Diaz c) Alfonso de Albuquerque d) Almeida
Ans: c)Alfonso de Albuquerque
2. Which of the following European Nation was the foremost attempt to discover a sea route to India?
a) Dutch b) Portugal c) France d) Britain
Ans: b)Portugal
3. In 1453 Constantinople was captured by ___________.
a) The French b) The Turks c) The Dutch d) The British
Ans: b)The Turks
4. Sir William Hawkins belonged to _______________.
a) Portugal b) Spain c) England d) France
Ans: c)England
5. The first fort constructed by the British in India was __________.
a) Fort William b) Fort St.George c) Agra Fort d) Fort St. David
Ans:b) Fort St.George
6. Who among the following Europeans were the last to come India as traders?
a) The British b) The French c) The Danish d) The Portuguese
Ans: b) The French
7. Tranqueber on the Tamilnadu coast was a trade centre of the ________.
a) The Portuguese b) The British c) The French d) The Danish
Ans: d)The Danish
II. Fill in the Blanks
1. National Archives of India (NAI) is located in New Delhi.
2. Bartholomew Diaz, a Portuguese sailor was patronized by King John II.
3. The printing press in India was set up by the Portuguese at Goa in 1556.
4. The Mughal Emperor Jahangir permitted the English to trade in India.
5. The French East India Company was formed by Colbert.
6. Christian IV the King of Denmark issued a charter to create Danish East India company.
III. Match the following
1.The Dutch - 1616
2. The British - 1600
3. The Danish - 1602
4. The French - 1664
IV. State true or false
1. Autobiography is one of the written sources.
Ans:True
2. Coins are one of the material sources.
Ans:True
3. Ananda Rangam was a translator served under British.
Ans: False
4. The place where historical documents are preserved is called archives.
Ans:True
V. Consider the following statements and tick (V) the appropriate answer.
1.
(i) Governor Nino de Cunha moved Portuguese capital from Cochin to Goa.
(ii) Portuguese were the last to leave from in India.
(iii) The Dutch founded their first factory at Surat.
(iv) Sir Thomas Roe was sent to Jahangir’s court by King James I of England.
Ans: i, ii & iv are correct
2. Find out the wrong pair
1. Francis Day – Denmark
2. Pedro Cabral – Portugal
3. Captain Hawkins – Britain
4. Colbert – France
Ans: 1. Francis Day – Denmark
VI. Answer the following in one or two sentences.
1. Give a short note on Archives?
Archives are the place where historical documents are preserved. The National Archives of India (NAI) is located in New Delhi. It is the chief storehouse of the records of the government of India.
2. Write about the importance of Coins.
Coins are a good source to know about administrative history.
The first coinage in modern India under the crown was issued in 1862.
3. Why Prince Henry is called ‘Henry the Navigator’?
Prince Henry of Portugal, who is commonly known as the “Navigator”, encouraged his countrymen to take up the adventurous life of exploring the unknown regions of the world.
4. Name the important factories established by the Dutch in India.
After their arrival in India, the Dutch founded their first factory in Masulipatnam, (Andhra Pradesh) in 1605.
The other important factories in India were Pulicat, Surat, Chinsura, Kasim bazaar, Patna, Nagapatnam, Balasore and Cochin.
5. Mention the trading centers of the English in India.
The English had established their trading centres at Surat, Agra, Ahmedabad and
Broach.
VII. Answer the following
1. Give an account of the sources of Modern India.
The sources for the history of modem India help us to know the political, socio economic and cultural developments in the country.
The Portuguese, the Dutch, the French, the Danes, and the English recorded their official transactions in India on state papers.
History can be written with the help of written sources and material sources.
Written Sources:
After the advent of the printing press, numerous books were published in different languages.
People began to acquire knowledge easily in the fields like art, literature, history and science.
Written sources include Literatures, Travel Accounts, Diaries, Autobiographies, Pamphlets, Government Documents and Manuscripts.
Archives:
It contains authentic evidence for knowing the political, social, economic, cultural and scientific life and activities of the people of India.
Material Sources:
Paintings and statues are the main sources of modern Indian history.
They give us a lot of information and the achievements of national leaders and historical personalities.
Museums help to preserve and promote our cultural heritage.
Coins are a good source to know about administrative history.
2. How did the Portuguese establish their trading centres in India?
Amongst the entire European nations Portugal was the foremost to make a dynamic attempt to discover a sea route to India.
A.D.(C.E) 1498, Vasco da Gama reached Calicut, where he was cordially received by King Zamorin, the ruler of Calicut. A second Portuguese navigator, Pedro Alvares Cabral, sailed towards India in 1500.
Vasco da Gama came to India for the second time in 1501 with 20 ships and founded a trading centre at Cannanore.
King Zamorin attacked the Portuguese in Cochin, but was defeated. Cochin was the first capital of the Portuguese East India Company.
In 1505, Francisco de Almeida was sent as the first Governor for the Portuguese possessions in India.
Almeida had the aim of developing the naval power of the Portuguese in India. His policy was known as the “Blue Water Policy”
Alfonso de Albuquerque captured Goa from the Sultan of Bijapur in November 1510. In 1515, he established the Portuguese authority over Ormuz in Persian Gulf.
Governor Nino de Cunha moved capital from Cochin to Goa in 1530. In 1534, he acquired Bassein from Bahadur Shah of Gujarat.
In 1537, the Portuguese occupied Diu. Later, they wrested Daman from the local chiefs of Gujarat. In 1548, they occupied Salsette.
Portuguese succeeded in capturing Goa, Daman, Diu, Salsette, Bassein, Chaul and Bombay on the western coast, Hooghly on the Bengal coast and Santhome on the Madras coast and enjoyed good trade benefits.
The Portuguese brought the cultivation of tobacco to India.
3. How did the British establish their trading centres in India?
On 31st December 1600, Elizabeth, the Queen of England granted a charter to the governor and company of Merchants of London to trade with East Indies.
The Company was headed by a Governor and a court of 24 directors.
Captain Hawkins visited Jahangir’s court in 1608 to get certain concessions for the company.
In 1612, the English Captain Thomas Best, inflicted a severe defeat over the Portuguese in a naval battle near Surat.
The Mughal Emperor Jahangir permitted the English to establish their factory in 1613 at Surat, which initially became the headquarters of the English in western India.
Before the departure of Sir Thomas Roe, the English had established their trading centres at Surat, Agra, Ahmadabad and Broach.
VIII. HOTs
1. How did the fall of Constantinople affect the European nations?
The land route between India and Europe was closed. The Turks penetrated into North Africa and the Balkan Peninsula.
It became imperative on the part of the European nations to discover new sea routes to the East.